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- ! <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%86thelred_of_Wessex>?thelred of Wessex?thelred IKing of WessexReign 865?871Predecessor ?thelberhtSuccessorAlfredConsort Wulfthryth?IssueOswald, ?thelwold, ?thelhelmHouse House of WessexFather ?thelwulf ofWessexMother OsburgaBorn c. 847Wessex, EnglandDied April 871Burial Wimborne, DorsetKing ?thelred I (Old English: ??elr?d, sometimes rendered as Ethelred, "noble counsel") (c. 847[1] - 871) was King of Wessex from 865 to 871. He was the fourthson of King ?thelwulf of Wessex. He succeeded his brother, ?thelberht (Ethelbert), asKing of Wessex and Kent in 865.[2]Contents [hide]1 Early life2 Reign3Family4 See also5 Notes6 ReferencesEarly lifeIn 853 his younger brother Alfred wenttoRome, and accordingto contemporary references in the Liber Vitae of San Salvatore, Brescia, ?thelred accompanied him.[3] He first witnessed his father's charters as an ?theling in 854, and kept thistitle until he succeeded to the throne in871. In 862 and 863 he issued charters as King of the West Saxons, which must have been as deputy or in the absence of his elder brother, King ?thelberht, as there is no record of conflict between them and he continued to witness his brother'scharters as ?theling.[4]ReignIn the same year as ?thelred's succession as king, a great Viking army arrived in England, and within five years they had destroyed two of the principal English kingdoms, Northumbria and East Anglia. In 868 ?thelred's brother-in-law, Burgredking of Mercia, appealed to him for help against the Vikings. ?thelred and his brother, the future Alfred the Great, led a West Saxon army to Nottingham, but there was no decisive battle, and Burgred bought off the Vikings.[4] In 874 the Vikings defeated Burgredand drove him into exile.[5]In 870 the Vikings turned their attention to Wessex, and on 4 January 871 at the Battle of Reading, ?thelred suffered a heavy defeat.[6] Although he was able tore-form his army in time to win a victory at the Battleof Ashdown,[7] he suffered further defeats on 22 January at Basing,[8] and 22 March at Meretun.In about 867, ?thelred effectively established a common currency between Wessex and Merciaby adopting the Mercian type of lunette penny, and coins minted exclusively at London and Canterbury then circulated in the two kingdoms.[9]?thelred died shortly after Easter (15 April) 871,[10] and is buried at Wimborne Minster in Dorset.[11] Hewas succeeded by his younger brother, Alfred the Great.FamilyHis wifemay have been called Wulfthryth. A charter of 868 refers to Wulfthryth regina (queen). It was rare in ninth century Wessex for the king's wifeto be given the title queen, and it is only definitely known to have been given to ?thelwulf's second wife,Judith of Flanders.[12] Historians Barbara Yorke[13] and Pauline Stafford,[14] and the Prosopography of Anglo-Saxon England,[15] treat the charter as showingthatWulfthryth was?thelred's queen, but Keynes & Lapidge in their notes to Asser'sLife of King Alfred the Great refer to a "mysterious 'Wulfthryth regina'",[16] and Sean Miller in his Oxford Online DNB article on ?thelred does notmentionher.[4]He had two known sons,[17] ?thelhelm and ?thelwold. ?thelwold disputed the throne with Edward the Elder after Alfred's death in899. ?thelred's descendants include the tenth century historian, ?thelweard, and ?thelnoth, an eleventh century Archbishop of Canterbury.See alsoHouse of Wessex family treeList of monarchs of KentChronology of Kentish KingsNotes1. According to Sean Miller's DNB article on ?thelred, he was probably a year or so older than Alfred2. Johnson, pp. 49.3. Janet L. Nelson, ?thelwulf, Oxford Online Dictionary of National Biography, 20044. Sean Miller, ?thelred I,Oxford Online Dictionary of National Biography, 20045. S. E. Kelly, Burgred, Oxford Online Dictionary ofNational Biography, 20046. Chisholm, p. 290.7. Lyon, pp. 20.8. Stephen, pp. 890.9. Geoffrey Hindley, A Brief History of the Anglo-Saxons,Robinson, London, 2006, p. 20610. Keynes & Lapidge, p. 8011. Stephen, pp. 27.12. Keynes & Lapidge, pp. 71, 23513. Barbara Yorke, Edward as ?theling, in N. J. Higham & D. H. Hill eds., Edward the Elder, p. 3114. Pauline Stafford, QueenEmma & Queen Edith, Blackwell, 1997, p. 32415. Prosopography of Anglo-Saxon England, Wulfthryth 216. Keynes & Lapidge, p. 23517. Hemay have had a third son, Oswald or Osweald. He witnessed two charters in 868 as a king's son, and one more duringAlfred's reignin 875 with the same title. (David Dumville, The ?theling: a studyin Anglo-Saxon constitutional history, Anglo-Saxon England, 8, 1979, p. 11.) Prosopography of Anglo-Saxon England, Oswald 6, lists him as witnessing an additionalcharter, S332 in863, but the Oswald in this charter has no title.ReferencesPrinted1. Simon Keynes & Michael Lapidge eds., Alfred the Great: Asser's Life and Other Contemporary Sources, Penguin Classics, 1983Babington, Anthony (1978). The rule of lawin Britain from the Roman occupation to the present day. Published by B. Rose. ISBN 0-85992-108-5.2. Chisholm,Hugh(1910). The Encyclop?dia Britannica (11thEdition ed.).3. Johnson, Rossiter; Charles Francis Horne, John Rudd (1905). The Great Events byFamous Historians.The National Alumni.4. Lyon, Henry R. (1967). Alfred the Great. Volume XIV. Oxford University Press.5. Oman, Charles W. C. (1972). A History of England. Ayer Publishing.ISBN 0-8369-9920-7.6. Oman, Charles W. C. (1910). England before the Norman Conquest. Methuen.7. Stephen, Leslie; George Smith, Sidney Lee, Robert Blake (1889).Dictionary of national biography. Smith, Elder, & Co.
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847 - 871 (24 ans)